摘要：考过托福考试的考生应该都知道，托福听力材料分对话和讲座两类，主要以传统四选一的选择题为主，采用三种方式考查考生对听力材料的基本理解：内容主旨题、目的主旨题和细节题。只有分清楚了题目要问什么，考生才能知道需要留意听什么、记笔记时重点记什么、分析选项时才知道排除哪些选项。
自从体验了新托福，小伙伴不难发现听力可谓难上加难。本来就是最难攻克的单项，改革后语速加快了，口音变多了，脑子更乱了。即便少了一个讲座，也难以安慰被听力伤害的心情。面对现实，我们该如何把握托福出题的重点？如何把握托福听力中的高频题目？托福听力中，主旨题应该是出现频率非常高的题目了。
相信备考听力的同学们不会对主旨题感到陌生，且会积累到主旨题的一般规律以及解题技巧。今天小编就给大家讲解一下做目的主旨题和内容主旨题的技巧，希望能够对大家有所帮助。
No.1
conversation的出题重点
听力对话无非就是学生跟老师或者其他校园人员的交谈。学生遇到问题难以抉择，向他人寻求建议或者帮助，最后决定怎么做。总体就是一个解决问题的过程。对话的难度相对较小，但因为态度表述不明或者零碎的信息太多，很容易答不对题。
目的主旨题的常见形式：
1.Why does the student visit/see/speak with the professor?
2. Why does the student visit the registrar’s office?
3. Why did the professor ask to see the student?
4. Why does the professor explain ...?
5. What is the purpose of the lecture?
目的主旨题典型问法：
Why did the man/woman go to see the professor? 比较明显的问法。 Why did the professor ask to see the student? Why does the student visit the professor? Why does the student visit the registrar’s office? Why does the professor explain …?（注意，若后面接的是 this+部分重听，则一定不是主旨题， 为句子功能题。） Why does the student say …? Why does the student mention …? Why does the professor talk about …? Why does the instructor ask the class about …?
目的主旨题特点:
和内容主旨题相比，主要是问话形式有区别，本题主要考查目的而非内容，多出现在对话题中。材料的内容对目的判断的干扰性比较大，要主抓真实目的，不要被迷惑。要围绕解决出现的问题这个核心，然后准确抓住问题及其解决方案。
目的主旨题解题技巧：
例题：Why does the student go to see the librarian?A. To sign up for a seminar on using electronic sources for research.B. To report that a journal is missing from the reference area.C. To find out the procedure for checking out journal articles.D. To ask about how to look for resources for a class paper.
『听力原文』：FEMALE STUDENT: Hi, um, I really hope you can help me.MALE LIBRARIAN: That's why I'm here.What can I do for you?FEMALE STUDENT: I'm supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but I'm havin' a hard time finding articles. I don't even know where to start looking.
『解题方法』：
▼Step 1：听题头，确定是学生和图书馆管理员，场景是图书馆；
▼Step 2：听开头信号词，管理员问“What can I do for you?”，学生回答“I'm supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but I'm havin' a hard time finding articles. ”，抓住问题，学生找不到写论文用的文章；
▼Step 3：记笔记，确定问题“literature review, not find articles”；
▼Step 4：对应选项，看哪个选项符合。 由上可以看出目的主旨题的解题方法很简单，听题头确定场景，听开头信号词确定问题，然后记笔记，再对照选项，那么开头信号词有哪些呢？
下列是一些主旨题中常用的信号词▼▼
Professor 常用：What can I do for you?Can I help you?What’s going on?What do you want to talk about?
Student 常用：I have some questions about...I'm wondering...I'm worrying about..I have some trouble...I was hoping...I'm not sure about...The reason I wanted to talk to you is...That's why I came by...The thing is...
同学们要熟悉这些常见信号词，听到它们后要集中注意力听里面提到的问题或者原因。
No.2
lecture的出题重点
与conversation相同，lecture的开头部分也是十分重要的，一篇lecture的主旨往往也在开头部分就会被提出，所以学生们要对开头部分信息提起重视，并专注对信息进行提取和记录。
今天我们来分析一类比较常见的讲座开头模式-回顾前课内容的开头方式。首先我们来听一个开头的段落，听的同时，也要对考点提示词等要点信息进行记录：
TPO 7 Lecture 4
Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a Geology class.
Pro: Last time, we started to talk about glaciers and how these masses of ice form from crystallized snow, and some of you were amazedat how huge some of these glaciers are. Now, even though it may be difficult to understand how a huge mass of ice can move or flow, it’s another word forit,it’s really no secret that the glaciers flow brcause of gravity. But how they flow, the way they flow, needs some explaining.
What is the lecture mainly about?
Explanations of how glaciers move.
Landscape changes caused by glacial movement.
Climate changes that influence glacial movement.
Causes of glacial formation.
解析方法
从这段开头的方式我们不难看出，professor并不是直接把今天要讲的主旨提出来，而是用了Last time, we started to talk about…。很明显，Last time后引导的内容，是上节课的主题，或对之前所学内容的一个复习和回顾。它所引导出来的信息是：glaciers and how these masses of iceform。很明显，如果我们专注于开头，并把此主旨记录下来的话，就会对我们主旨题的判断产生一些迷惑，并且我们分析选项来看，回顾类开头带出的前次课的主旨，往往在选项中会有所体现，比如D选项中的formation。 那么我们如何去筛选本篇讲座真正的主旨呢？要对一些开头的提示词提高敏感度，一些引导比如：
①Let's look at/ continue to talk about...
②Today/ now I wanna go over / I'd like to/ I want to focus on...
③For today's discussion, we’ll review...
④Now, we've been talking about...But today I'd like to
⑤Last time/ week, we've been talking about... But/ today we will...
这些信号词也是讲座常见的开头部分，大家在听的时候多加注意，多训练，形成条件反射，那么就会抓住讲座灵魂，内容主旨题也会迎刃而解。 对于以上的部分，我们要分辨出来，并且在笔记记录的时候去筛选掉，等到一些小提示词如now等出现的时候，后面往往会引出本文真正的主旨，我们再有意识地对相关要点信息进行记录。
比如例题中：
Now, even though it may be difficult to understand how a huge mass ofice can move or flow, it’s another word for it, itsreally no secret that the glaciers flow because of gravity. But how they flow, the way they flow, needs some explaining. 当然这篇在提出真正主旨的时候用了eventhough 引导的让步句式，也会对我们信息提取造成一些困扰，一定程度上我们也需要对各种句式提升熟练度并练习主干信息的提取。
以上就是对lecture回顾类开头的浅析，当然，现在的lecture有很多的变化，比如在回顾类开头的基础上加入与学生的互动等，我们也需要平时的练习去更多的总结。 以上就是关于托福听力中主旨题的全部内容讲解，希望能够让准备托福考试的考生们对主旨题有更深层次的理解，进而在考试中能够准确抓取有用信息、做对题目、进而取得理想的成绩！
